COLON CANCER SURGERY
Colon cancer is a condition that affects about 7% of people. Colon cancer surgery can prevent or at least minimize the threat posed by this disease. It is regarded as the most effective treatment for colon cancer.
The various options of colon cancer surgery are described as below:
OPEN COLECTOMY
This procedure involves removal of part of the colon as well as adjacent lymph nodes thus are also termed as hemicolectomy, partial colectomy or segmental resection. When it is done through a single incision in the abdomen, it is referred to as open colectomy.
Before surgery the bowel is emptied and prepared. Laxatives and enemas are given. After bowel preparation, general anesthesia may be given. The surgery involves removal of part of the colon with cancer and a small segment of normal colon on either side of the cancer. About one fourth to one third of the colon is usually removed depending upon the size and location of the cancer. Nearby lymph nodes are removed as well, at least 12 of them.
After surgery, pain killers are necessary for at 2-3 days and are given intravenously. The patient may not be able to have any food at this time and liquid consumption may also be limited as the colon needs time to recover. Normal food intake can be resumed again in a few days.
POLYPECTOMY
Small benign adenomas or polyps can be removed with a colonoscope. This is called polypectomy and general anesthesia is not required.
ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION
This is done when the cancer has extended to the rectum and anus and involves removal of the entire rectum and anal canal. With recent advances in treatment most patients do not require such a radical surgery.
COLOSTOMY
This is a method for temporary collection and disposal of waste material from the intestines. An opening is made in the skin to the left or right of the belly button and the end of the intestine is brought through and stitched to the surface of the skin. The waste products pass through the stoma created and empty in to a colostomy bag. These bags can be worn under the clothing and are not visible to others and do not hamper normal activities.
Depending on the extent and stage of the cancer, other therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy are done after recovery from colon cancer surgery. Adjuvant therapy is done to destroy remaining cancer cells.